Technical Guidelines Research Articles

Compact Housing for Incremental Growth: The K206 RDP Project in Alexandra, Johannesburg

The South African Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) was initiated to provide subsidised housing for low-income families. However, the programme faced challenges in establishing adequate technical guidelines and standards, resulting in subpar housing quality. This article discusses the multifaceted nature of subsidised housing design, emphasising the importance of incorporating technical housing standards as well as the spatial needs of residents based on their context (at both domestic and neighbourhood scales). The article focuses on the K206 housing RDP project in Alexandra, Johannesburg, as a case study that transitioned from generic technical standards to a resident-responsive design scheme that was inspired by the backyard room incremental expansions that were already prevalent in the Alexandra context. A critical review of South Africa’s RDP housing design technical standards and policy is explored. The article also examines the density standards and allowances for incremental expansions introduced by the K206 project, analysing data derived from fieldwork observations, interviews, and the spatial analysis of 26 dwelling units. The study’s findings underscore the significance of maintaining an equilibrium between technical standards and resident-responsive design decisions. The results demonstrate that tailoring the RDP housing design solutions to unique contextual needs can significantly elevate the quality of life of residents concerning income generation and flexibility for incremental expansion. However, this balance is delicate and disparities between the RDP technical standards and user-initiated development over time also have the potential to ultimately impair residents’ living spaces.

Why do marionette lines appear? Exploring the anatomical perspectives and role of thread-based interventions.

The pathogenesis of marionette lines involves a complex interplay of anatomical, physiological, and age-related factors leading to the development of wrinkles around the oral commissures. This exploration delves into the distinct anatomical predispositions observed among different ethnicities, emphasizing the role of compact modiolus structures and muscle compositions. Notably, individuals of East Asian descent exhibit inherent facial structures that predispose them to pronounced sagging around the oral commissures during aging. The emergence of distinct facial lines, such as the commissural line and the melolabial fold, contributes to the formation of marionette lines. This specific wrinkle pattern, resembling a marionette puppet's mouth contours, is influenced by various factors like bone resorption, gravitational forces, fat compartment variations, muscle compression, ligament tethering, and skin aging. Treatment strategies for marionette lines encompass diverse interventions, including filler injections, botulinum neurotoxin, surgeries targeting fat reduction, thread lifting, and volumizing fillers. These approaches aim to address the underlying causes and mitigate the appearance of marionette lines. Botulinum neurotoxin injections, for instance, weaken specific facial muscles, reducing downward strain and aiding in tissue retraction. Anatomical considerations during procedures are crucial to avoid nerve or vascular damage. Delicate manipulation and precise entry points are essential to prevent inadvertent injuries, particularly concerning blood vessels like the facial artery and nerves like the mental nerve. Technical guidelines for procedures targeting marionette lines involve specific techniques like cogged thread reverse methods and volumizing thread placements. Attention to entry points, tissue engagement, and the direction of threads is crucial for effective treatment outcomes, minimizing complications, and ensuring patient safety.

Methods for Extended Sleep EEG Recording in Autism: A Sleep Deprivation–Based, Natural Sleep–Recording Protocol and Feasibility Study

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to research individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Such individuals are known to have a higher prevalence of EEG abnormalities and seizures. Extended EEG recordings, particularly those including sleep, are known to significantly improve the yield of these abnormalities. However, obtaining extended sleep recordings without sedation in autistic individuals is challenging. This study explores practical and feasible protocols for recording EEG in awake and sleep states in children and adolescents with ASD. Methods: Extended EEG recordings using detailed sleep deprivation and recording protocol were done. Results: 132 children and adolescents with ASD and sleep deprivation completed extended EEG recording in natural sleep. Only nine autistic children required melatonin along with sleep deprivation. Conclusions: Extended EEG recording can be achieved by following a rigorous sleep deprivation protocol that is customized, along with providing an autism-friendly recording room environment. This is important in identifying and increasing the yield of epileptiform discharges. We also propose technical guidelines and considerations for EEG recording in children and adolescents with ASD.

Water quality aspects from Spanish sites to support managed aquifer recharge (MAR) guidelines not based on maximum allowable concentration standards

Most countries that have technical guidelines or regulations for artificial recharge or managed aquifer recharge (MAR), that include water quality aspects are based on the establishment of standards or Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MACs) to regulate the quality of the water percolated or injected into an aquifer. The number of parameters in these guidelines vary considerably (from 6 in Spain to 156 in the USA) and often apply to all aquifers within administrative boundaries (e.g., national territory), regardless of the nature of the receiving medium, the depth of the water table, and other key factors. Eleven MAR systems in Spain have been studied (eight operational and three experimental, with limited number of data from three sites), characterising both, the recharge water quality and the water resulting from the interaction processes recharge water-soil-unsaturated zone-saturated zone of the aquifer. In all cases, an improved effect on groundwater quality is observed, even though some parameters in the recharge water don’t comply with the standards employed in some European countries, where this article focuses. The article suggests that regulating water quality for MAR through MACs at national level gives room for another alternative approach specific for each site. It might be recommendable to establish local standards at the regional or aquifer-wide level to better reflect the diversity of groundwater occurrence. As per the article, sectoral water authorities could receive more decision-making power on granting permits for MAR based on the quality of the hydrogeological and risk studies for each request. This would help reduce the application of the precautionary principle when in granting permission.

Why Do Nasolabial Folds Appear? Exploring the Anatomical Perspectives and the Role of Thread-Based Interventions.

The classification of nasolabial folds into three types, each with distinct causative factors and mechanisms, is explored. Age-related changes in facial skin and connective tissues are examined in detail, revealing variations across different facial regions due to variances in tissue firmness and thickness. The innovative 'Reverse Technique,' involving cog threads to enhance tissue traction and effectiveness in thread-lifting procedures, is introduced. Detailed technical guidelines, anatomical considerations, and safety measures are provided, emphasizing the importance of identifying optimal vectors and fixing points to achieve maximum lifting effects while minimizing potential risks, particularly those associated with vascular structures. Additionally, the 'Cross Technique using volumizing thread' is discussed, designed to smooth tissue boundaries and rejuvenate sagging areas. Facial anatomy, including the positioning of arteries and ligaments, is underscored as essential for ensuring the safety and efficacy of procedures. In conclusion, this review stands as a comprehensive guide for practitioners, offering insights into innovative thread-lifting methods and their applications in addressing nasolabial folds. The primary focus is on achieving optimal aesthetic results while prioritizing patient safety.

Energy and exergy analysis of the cryogenic system for HTS magnets based on an open-cycle G-M/J-T cryocooler

High-field magnets have been developed for a broad range of research applications. High-temperature superconducting magnets have received considerable attention due to their potential use in high-field applications. The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CHMFL) is currently designing and constructing high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets which need the cooling capacity about 5 W to 10 W at 4.5 K in order to ensure the stability of the system. To meet their operational requirements, a miniature cryogenic system based on the Gifford-McMahon/Joule-Thomson (G-M/J-T) cryocooler has been designed and analyzed. In this research, the performance of the cryogenic system for HTS magnets is investigated systematically by employing both energy analysis and entropy analysis techniques. The results highlight the importance of several key factors, including high pressures, precooling temperature at cooling stages, and J-T exchanger efficiency, for improving the cooling capacity of the cryogenic system. Lowering the precooling temperature can enhance the system cooling capacity and also cause an increase in the precooling capacity. As the pressure increases, the cooling capacity of the system reaches its maximum point at 11.31 bar The J-T heat exchanger accounts for the largest exergy loss rate, 35.2–43.7%. The findings provide technical guidelines for the subsequent experiments and performance optimization of cryogenic system.

[Chinese expert consensus on clinical application of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy / jejunostomy (2024 edition)].

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy / jejunostomy (PEG/J) is a relatively safe and effective minimally invasive surgical approach to establish long-term enteral nutrition (EN) channels. Due to the good compliance and the reduced incidence of reflux and aspiration pneumonia, PEG/J is the preferred way for long-term EN and has been widely used in clinical applications. However, few technical guidelines or expert consensus guiding the clinical practice of PEG/J have been published. The formation of "Chinese expert consensus on clinical application of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy / jejunostomy (2024 edition)" is led by the Committee of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Chinese Research Hospital Association. This consensus is based on the latest clinical evidence as well as the clinical experience of Chinese experts. This consensus is divided into PEG/J indications and contraindication, perioperative management, operational techniques, prevention, and treatment of related complications and other issues. All recommendations and their strengths were carried out by expert-voting method and presented as the basic framework of "Recommended Opinions (level of evidence and strength of recommendation) and Summary of Evidence". This consensus is registered on the International Practice Guide Registration Platform (IPGRP-2022CN329).

Synergistic control potential of flue gas pollutants under Ultra-Low emission standards in waste incineration plants

As the dominant waste disposal process, incineration is regarded as the main incentive for the “not-in-my-backyard” syndrome, and faces an inescapable pressures of ultra-low emissions (ULE). Establishing precise response relationships between emission factors (EFs) and full-process influencing factors can provide guidance for the synergistic mitigation of flue gas pollutants (FGPs). In this work, the multi-dimensional EFs of FGPs were identified by initially integrating FGPs concentration monitoring data of existing 1,226 processing lines in China, technologies applied and operational experience (OE), local economic and political characteristics. Significant regional imbalance performance was observed, which EFs in the coastal regions were 3.55–92.39 % lower than those of the inland areas. NOx, SO2, HCl were identified as critical components requiring further reduction under the ULE standards, with exceedance rates recorded at 73.07 %, 38.90 %, and 56.69 %, respectively. An indicative value of 20 mg/m3 for PM is recommended for the control of heavy metals of Cd + Tl and Sb + As + Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni based on the correlation coefficients of r = 0.28 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.20 (p = 0.002), respectively. Waste composition and OE were quantified as the main contributors of EFs’ disparities by the tree-branching controlled variable approach established in this study. Predictive models for FGPs control process and corresponding EFs were constructed. EFs of nine FGPs in 2030 would decrease by 0.97–65.42 %, due to more complex purification processes employed to meet ULE’s limitations, such as the application of five-stage processes growing from 45.60 % to 58.28 %. While regional imbalance in EFs-SO2 and EFs-HCl were extended with increases from 25.83 % to 33.07 % and 9.91 % to 32.32 %, respectively, due to the consistent disparities of OE and growing heterogeneity of control policies. Enhancing interregional empirical exchanges, reducing the regional market monopolies, and formulating technical guidelines would be beneficial to synergize the reduction of FGPs emissions and alleviate regional imbalance.

Assessment of treatment outcome among HIV positive tuberculosis patients in Visakhapatnam

In March 2016, RNTCP revised its technical and operational guidelines. One of the major additions was introduction of Daily Regimen in the treatment of Drug sensitive TB, started initially among TB-HIV co-infected patients in 2017. The present study was taken up to assess the treatment outcomes of Tuberculosis among TB-HIV co-infected patients and certain factors related to the poorer outcome of the treatment.An Observational Longitudinal study conducted at an ART centre, attached to King George Hospital in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, among all TB-HIV co-infected patients newly diagnosed with Drug Susceptible Tuberculosis, aged above 18years, at the selected ART centre, from the month of June 2018 to December 2018. The sample size calculated was 88 with an absolute precision of 10. Ethical clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee, Andhra Medical College; Written informed consent from all the study participants were taken prior to start of study. Confidentiality of the study participants was maintained Qualitative variables were presented as proportions. Analytical statistics include chi-square test and regression analysis. 74% of the patients had a favourable treatment outcome, 15% of the patients died and 11% of the patients were lost to follow up. Occupational status of the study participant, Socio- economic class, tobacco using habit and their CD4 counts had a statistically significant impact on their TB treatment outcome.CD4 count below 200cells/mm, Tobacco use, Diabetes Mellitus- factors responsible for unfavourable treatment outcome of Tuberculosis treatment Case-specific approaches among LFUs may be carried out to bring improvements in the strategies which are already existing or framing new strategies.

Community Empowerment of PCM Kokap on Sustainable Municipal Waste Management through Black Soldier Fly Farming

Municipal waste management is one of complicated environmental problems found in many areas of Yogyakarta, including in Kokap, Kulon Progo. In addition, the awareness from local society towards the importance of waste management has not well built yet due to the lack of knowledge on this issue. Therefore, this program was aimed to promote better understanding and technical skill of Pimpinan Cabang Muhammadiyah (PCM) Kokap members regarding black soldier fly-mediated waste management. This community empowerment program involved 15 PCM members (aged ranging from 40-55 years old) and carried out using the experiential learning method through participatory approach. It started with focus group discussion and followed by the trial of BSF farming using municipal waste performed by the members for 40 days. Intensive supervision was provided through WhatsApp Group. Results showed that all PCM members were success in cultivating a complete cycle of BSF. Some of the BSF larvae had been used as feed for poultry and fish. The success of this trial was associated to the high enthusiasm from the members in following the technical guidelines provided virtually. Overall, this program has successfully educated the targeted community marked by the accomplishment of PCM Kokap members in executing the trial of municipal waste management. It also conferred the increased member’s understanding regarding the economic value of BSF products to be alternative source of secondary income. The success of this program could be a pilot project to generate society awareness and capacity for higher responsibility with the municipal wastes produced.

Insight into the activation of periodate by Mn(II) for rapid degradation of sulfadiazine: Performance and mechanisms

The present study investigated the mechanism of manganese ion (Mn(II))-activated periodate (PI) for rapid removal of sulfadiazine (SDZ). The Mn(II)/PI system showed excellent SDZ degradation results with 99.8 % degradation efficiency within 2 min at pH = 5.5. Mechanism study reveals that the degradation of SDZ in the Mn(II)/PI system takes place mainly through an electron transfer process. Mn(II) can be oxidized by PI to formed the in-situ MnO2, followed by the generation of MnO2-PI complex. Electrochemical methods have confirmed that the generated MnO2-PI complex significantly contributes to the degradation of pollutants. MnO2-PI mediates the transfer of electrons from SDZ to PI surface through surface vacancies, thereby achieving efficient degradation of pollutants. p-methoxyphenyl sulfone (PMSO) is used as a probe compound, and almost 90 % of PMSO is converted into PMSO2 in the Mn(II)/PI/SDZ system, manifesting that excessive PI may oxidize active Mn(IV) to Mn(V). And the generated Mn(V) also contributes to the SDZ degradation. The SDZ degradation pathway is proposed and the transformation of iodine species is detected. The final iodine species in the system are iodate. The chloride culture experiment has confirmed that the production of organic iodine is very low, indicating no significant health risks. This study reveals mechanism of periodate-based process, providing theoretical and technical implementation guidelines of periodate in water treatment.

PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENGURANGAN RISIKO BENCANA MELALUI PENINGKATAN KETAHANAN BENCANA DAERAH DI KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU

Exploitation of natural resources triggers a decrease in the carrying capacity and capacity of the environment and results in climate change and various kinds of disasters. The objectives of this research are Analyzing the role of the Regional Government in implementing the Regional Resilience Index Improvement Program; Analyzing the inhibiting factors of the Regional Resilience Index improvement that has been carried out by the Tanah Bumbu Regency Government; Determining the priority scale of the Regional Disaster Resilience Improvement Program. Data analysis used in this study is Calculating the percentage of indicator achievement based on the Technical Guidelines for the Regional Resilience Index Assessment Tool, Descriptive analysis of inhibiting factors in increasing the Regional Disaster Resilience Index (71 Indicators) to stakeholders through interviews, Creating a priority scale matrix to determine recommendations. Determination of the priority scale matrix is based on Minimum Service Standards and ranking of relevant stakeholders. The results of research on the role and inhibiting factors of the Tanah Bumbu district government in increasing the Regional Resilience Index are Indicators implemented in the priority of Strengthening Policies and Institutions by 60.00%. Indicators implemented in the priority of Risk Assessment and Integrated Planning amounted to 75.00%. Indicators implemented in the Information System Development, Training and Logistics priority by 69.23%. Indicators implemented in the priority of Thematic Handling of Disaster Prone Areas amounted to 80.00%. Indicators implemented in the priority of Increasing the Effectiveness of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation by 70.00%. Indicators implemented in the priority of Strengthening Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management by 55.00%. Indicators implemented in the Disaster Recovery System Development priority of 75.00%.

Analisis sistem dan prosedur pemungutan pajak reklame sebagai upaya peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Manado

Of the various types of taxes collected by the Manado City Government, advertisement tax is one type of tax that can develop its role in increasing local revenue. This research was conducted with the aim of finding out the system and procedure for collecting advertisement tax as an effort to increase PAD. The methode used is descriptive qualitative method. The research results show that the advertisement tax collection system uses an official assessment system based on Law Number 28 of 2009. The procedure for collecting advertisement tax has been carried out in accordance with Manado Mayor Regulation Number 57 of 2013 concerning Technical Guidelines for Implementation of Advertising Tax Collection. However, it can be seen from the payment procedure that there are still taxpayers who do not carry out their obligations in paying advertisement tax and do not register their advertisement tax objects. It is better for the Manado City Government, in this case the Manado City Regional Revenue Agency, to socialize again to taxpayers about the techniques of advertisement tax collection and prosecute those who break the rules.

States' investment in recovery support services: An exploratory analysis

IntroductionRecovery support services (RSS), while not yet precisely defined, nevertheless have a longstanding role in managing chronic illnesses including substance use disorders (SUDs). This exploratory study is the first to identify the amounts of money that states invest from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Block Grants; SAMHSA discretionary grant and state-appropriated sources; the types of organizations from which RSS are purchased; and the non-financial supports states provide for RSS. MethodsThe study is a mixed method exploratory analysis, based on three data sources: content analysis of all 51 (Washington, D.C. included) Substance Abuse Block Grant (SABG) state applications; in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of ten states and one territory; and a structured electronic survey sent to all SABG recipients. Forty states and 2 territories returned a total of 42 questionnaires from 56 possible states and territories (75 %). Thirty-two of the responding states provided complete FY2022 financial data. ResultsStates reporting financial data spent $412 million from SABG, SAMHSA discretionary grants, and state appropriations for RSS. An estimate based on extrapolating regionally grouped per capita spending averages to non-responding state populations projected $775 million spent from these sources for all states. The study also calculated per capita and SUD prevalent population expenditures from these sources for each state. States purchase services from recovery community organizations and SUD treatment organizations in equal proportions, as well as from statewide recovery support organizations, educational institutions, hospitals, community health centers, and justice system organizations. Purchased services are not uniformly defined, but include community centers, peer staff, housing, and other support services. States provide non-financial support in forms that include technical assistance, community engagement, practice guidelines, and regulatory frameworks. ConclusionsThis first report of states' investments establishes a baseline to serve as a reference point for future analysis of these expenditures, as well as a foundation to which other sources of RSS funding such as Medicaid and other state and federal (e.g. HRSA, CDC, DOJ) dollars may be added. Uniform definitions for RSS will be necessary to support future reporting, accountability, and research. Finally, newly formed peer-based provider organizations need particular attention in order to be sustainable.

Analysis of potential soil degradation on agricultural land based on geographic information systems in Slogohimo District, Wonogiri Regency

Slogohimo District is one of the districts located in Wonogiri Regency with an area of 6.415 ha. Population growth in Slogohimo District has increased by 7,068 people from 2017 to 2022. The total population in 2022 is 53,403 people with the majority livelihood being farmers. Population increase will have an impact on increasing the demand for biomass. Land management that does not pay attention to conservation principles will cause changes in the soil’s basic properties and impact the biomass produced. About 84,91% of the land in Slogohimo District is used as agricultural land in paddy fields, moor, and plantations. The increase in population and the need for biomass, triggers more intensive processing of agricultural land which has the potential to cause soil degradation potential degradation. Based on these problems, it is important to carry out an assessment of the potential for degradation to agricultural land in Slogohimo District. The method used is overlaying thematic maps consisting of soil type maps, rainfall maps, slope maps, and land use maps through spatial data analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The potential for soil degradation is obtained from the scoring results which refer to the standard criteria in the Technical Guidelines for Preparation of Soil Degradation Degradation Status Maps for Biomass Production. The results showed that potential degradation to the soil on agricultural land in Slogohimo District was classified into three classes by area or proportion of land, namely low class covering 1.558,08 ha, medium class covering 2.800,70 ha, and high class covering 919,93 ha.

Performance Analysis of Forest Management Unit Region III Kisaran, North Sumatra Province

Forest Management Units (FMU) are a form of forestry policy that has become a key instrument in reforming Indonesia's forestry industry. North Sumatra Province has 33 FMU units, comprising 15 Production FMUs and 18 Protection FMUs, all grouped into 16 FMU Regions. This study evaluates forest management performance in the FMU Region III Kisaran. The performance assessment used the Forest Watch Indonesia 2.0 (FWI 2.0) instrument and the Technical Guidelines for Assessing the Effectiveness of Forest Area Management from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The FWI 2.0 method is oriented towards performance results, benefits, and impacts. The technical guidelines for assessing the effectiveness of FMU organizations are already oriented toward the results, benefits, and impacts of forest management. Both methods used show that the performance of FMU Region III Kisaran is in the medium category. This research indicates that the selection of FMU performance assessment methods should be tailored to the purpose of the assessment

Character Strengthening Model of Religious Moderation Praxis Method to Improve and Develop Student Morale

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify various models of strengthening the character of students' religious moderation that have been applied in Madrasah, as well as to determine their strengths and weaknesses.   Methods: This method develops model concepts that have been tested for validity, reliability, and effectiveness. This praxis method is a way of thinking, or a mindset that can influence behavior, attitudes, and thoughts, controlling in determining various choices in life. Specifically, praxis is a method in which there is Action, or action on reflection, or evaluation and reflection on action.   Results and Conclusion: The results of research and development of a model for strengthening the character of religious moderation of MTs Negeri 2 Purworejo students. The implementation of strengthening the character of religious moderation is combined with strengthening character education in habituation, intracurricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular activities. The implementation has not been designed or evaluated so that it does not know the outputs and outcomes.   Research implications: The application of the character strengthening model of the religious moderation praxis method with valid and reliable instruments can increase effectiveness from an average score of 77.55 to 86.10 up 11.49% in the way students think, act, and reflect both in the Madrasah, family, and community environment.   Originality/value: The originality of this research lies in the object at the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia which issues technical guidelines for coaching and strengthening moderate character for Madrasah students with design integration methods, and curricula so that they can be implemented as expected.

Quality acceptance of coating materials in law enforcement practice

In the article, the author refers to the problem of various law enforcement practices of Courts of Arbitration, when the procedure for quality acceptance of certain goods is additionally regulated in technical guidelines, as well as to the problem of accepting evidence by courts that by its nature cannot be considered as competent evidence, since contractual conditions impose a special procedure for checking the quality of goods.

Qualitative Study of the Implementation of School Health Program in Junior High School 1 Teras and Junior High School 2 Andong

UKS is a school activity that is very important in school life, both for students, teachers, employees, and residents within the scope of the school. This study is a qualitative research with a case study approach that aims to find out the implementation of Trias UKS at SMP X Teras and SMP X Andong.  Informants were selected using purposive sampling method. The results of the research conducted were that SMP X Teras and SMP X Andong carried out UKS programs, namely health education including counseling on PHBS, drugs, reproductive health, and TTD. Health services include screening, provision of TTD, and immunization and environmental development includes waste classification, bathroom cleanliness, healthy canteen development and non-smoking areas. The impact of the school's UKS program includes a safe and peaceful school environment, the creation of smooth teaching and learning activities for students. In the implementation of the UKS program, it is expected that schools can implement the UKS program according to the Technical Guidelines for the Implementation of Healthy Schools/Madrasahs in 2021, schools are expected to be able to allocate funds to implement the UKS program, and the need to increase school cooperation with related parties in the context of implementing the UKS program.

Zero Emission Guide by The Last Indonesian Minister Regulation of 2022 Uses Blockchain – BIM for Green Efficiency

As a result of climate change poses a threat and crisis that is currently sweeping the world; one of them is causing drought, rising sea levels, melting polar ice, and heat waves; therefore, the target towards Net Zero Emission (NZE) in 2060 must be an obligation in all countries. Green Building (GB) is a building that meets Building Technical Standards, and It has demonstrated demonstrable success in conserving resources such as water, energy, and other resources. The application of GB principles following the function and classification in every stage of its implementation is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This research aims to analyze the cost of improvement work based on GB assessment, which is an influencing factor in applying the regulation from the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) Indonesian government. The Technical Guidelines for GB, through the Minister of PUPR No.1 of 2022, is the latest regulation in Indonesia. Blockchain- Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the Implementation of GB using Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) for the analysis. Applying Blockchain-BIM to overcome the cost constraints is proven to increase the cost performance of GB in modern shopping center buildings by 3 - 3.8% in the Basic rating. It is higher when selecting a zero-emission approach for other ratings, dramatically affecting the required green costs.